1880 Perron map VILNIUS REGION, LITHUANIA, #88

Description

View 1880 Perron map VILNIUS REGION, LITHUANIA, #88 with current marketplace pricing, condition, product images and item details. The town and its trade flourished and grew; in 1525 a printing press was set up, and in 1579 a Jesuit academy was opened. The city underwent many calamities—Russian occupation in 1655–60, Swedish capture in 1702 and 1706, French occupation in 1812, and recurrent fires and plagues. Perron05_088 1880 Perron map VILNIUS REGION, LITHUANIA, #88 Nice miniature map titled Vilno, from wood engraving with  fine detail and clear impression. Overall size approx. 17  x 12.5 cm, image size approx. 11 x 5 cm. From La Nouvelle Géographie universelle, la terre et les hommes , 19 vol. (1875-94), great work of Elisee Reclus. Cartographer is Charles Perron. Vilnius Russian Vilnyus , Polish Wilno , Russian (formerly) Vilna city, capital of Lithuania, at the confluence of the Neris (Russian Viliya) and  Vilnia rivers. A settlement existed on the site in the 10th century, and the first documentary  reference to it dates from 1128. In 1323 the town became capital of Lithuania  under Grand Duke Gediminas; it was destroyed in 1377 by the Teutonic Knights.  Subsequently rebuilt, Vilnius received its charter of self-government in 1387,  and a Roman Catholic bishopric was established there. The town and its trade  flourished and grew; in 1525 a printing press was set up, and in 1579 a Jesuit  academy was opened. The city underwent many calamities—Russian occupation in  1655–60, Swedish capture in 1702 and 1706, French occupation in 1812, and  recurrent fires and plagues. In 1795 Vilnius passed to Russia in the Third  Partition of Poland. It was occupied by the Germans in World Wars I and II and  suffered heavy damage. From 1920 to 1939 it was included in Poland (see Vilnius  dispute); it was taken by Soviet troops in 1939 and restored to Lithuania. The  Soviets annexed Lithuania, including Vilnius, in June 1940. Soviet rule brought  mass deportations (1940–41, 1946–50) of ethnic Lithuanians from Vilnius, and  many Russians moved into the city. In 1970 the population of Vilnius was 43  percent ethnically Lithuanian (up from 34 percent in 1959) and 18 percent  Polish. In 1991 Vilnius again became the capital of independent Lithuania. A prominent feature of the city before World War II was its Jewish community,  for nearly 150 years the centre of eastern European Jewish cultural life.  Traceable as far back as 1568, this community comprised 20 percent of the city's  population by the middle of the 17th century. In the 18th century, under the  influence of Rabbi Elijah ben Solomon (q.v.), it underwent a decisive religious  and spiritual growth, becoming renowned for rabbinical studies that between 1799  and 1938 produced texts of the Mishna, Jerusalem Talmud, and other works that  are still standard. In the 19th century the community became a centre for the  Haskala (Enlightenment) and was the home also of the first Jewish socialists in  Russia; by the beginning of the 20th century it had become the focus of the  Zionist movement in Russia as well. A flourishing source of Hebrew and Yiddish  literature, with numerous newspapers and literary, scientific, and cultural  periodicals, it was the birthplace of the YIVO Institute for Jewish Research  (founded 1924). The German occupation during World War II destroyed the  community, reducing the city's Jewish population from 80,000 in 1941 to 6,000 by  1945. Many historic buildings survive, representing the Gothic, Renaissance, Baroque,  and classical styles of architecture. The ruins of the Castle of Gediminas on  Castle Hill dominate the old town, with its narrow, winding streets that climb  the wooded slopes surrounding the confluence of the rivers. There are a  16th-century Gothic Church of St. Anne and a dozen 17th-century Baroque  churches, notably the Church of SS. Peter and Paul. The cathedral dates  originally from 1387, but in its present form from 1801. Around the old town are  the newer sectors of the city, with a rectangular street plan, large apartment  blocks, administrative buildings, and modern factories. The historic centre of  Vilnius was designated a UNESCO World Heritage site in 1994. Present-day Vilnius is an important industrial centre, producing machine tools,  agricultural machinery, electronic calculators and other electrical and  electronic apparatus, textiles, clothing, and foodstuffs. The city is the  cultural centre of Lithuania. The V. Kapsukas State University is the successor  to the Jesuit academy of 1579, and the Vilnius Civil Engineering Institute was  founded in 1969. There are institutes of fine arts and teacher-training schools  and several theatres and museums. The art gallery occupies the former town hall,  built in the 18th century. Pop. (2008 prelim.) 544,206. Category: Antiques › Maps, Atlases & Globes › Asia Maps.

Publication Year

1880

Type

Map

Year

1880

Country/Region

Lithuania

Country of Origin

Croatia